Former Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon (retd), has elaborated on the motivations behind his decision to restructure Nigeria into 12 states during his tenure.
Speaking during a visit by the Senator Ibrahim Shekarau-led League of Northern Democrats (LND) to the Yakubu Gowon Centre in Abuja, Gowon revealed that the move was a calculated response to rising regional tensions and fears of northern dominance in the post-independence era.
Gowon, who led Nigeria from 1966 to 1975, described the 12-state framework as a strategy to preserve the nation’s unity amid calls for secession from various regions.
“At that time, there was considerable anxiety from the south about the north’s dominance, which nearly led to secessionist movements from all regions—the west, the east, and even the north,” he said.
The creation of states, Gowon explained, followed extensive consultations with political leaders, traditional rulers, and diverse interest groups.
“My position has always been that whatever the north does must serve the greater interest of Nigeria. The 12-state structure was aimed at ensuring no single region became too powerful, thereby averting a potential collapse of the federation,” he stated.
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Reflecting on the period, Gowon added, “If we had allowed the country to fragment, what would we call ourselves today? Separate nations of Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, or otherwise? My aim was to prevent such an outcome and preserve the collective identity of Nigeria.”
Dr. Emmanuel Ibe, a political historian, noted that Gowon’s restructuring laid the foundation for the modern Nigerian federation.
“The 12-state structure was a pivotal moment. It addressed fears of domination and created a sense of shared ownership in governance, though challenges persist,” Ibe remarked.
Similarly, Dr. Amina Hassan, a conflict resolution specialist, emphasized the importance of Gowon’s approach to unity.
“By redistributing power, Gowon sought to balance competing regional interests. It’s a lesson for today’s leaders, who must also prioritize inclusivity in addressing Nigeria’s contemporary challenges,” she said.
Gowon reiterated his non-partisan stance during the visit, stating, “My allegiance has always been to Nigeria as a whole. My profession shaped my belief in serving the country above all else, and I’ve avoided partisan politics.”
He urged leaders to prioritize unity over sectional interests, highlighting Nigeria’s diversity as strength. “If we can unite despite our differences, we can build the Nigeria we all envision,” he said.
Commending the League of Northern Democrats, Gowon expressed optimism about the group’s efforts to address insecurity and political divisions in the north.
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“The north is incredibly diverse, with numerous tribes that should encourage unity, not division,” he said, while lamenting the role of external forces, such as the Lukurawa group from Mali, in worsening regional insecurity.
Senator Ibrahim Shekarau, the LND chairman, praised Gowon as a symbol of unity and resilience.
He outlined the LND’s mission to reposition the north as a leader in political, economic, and cultural spheres, emphasizing collaboration for national progress.
Gowon concluded by urging the LND to prioritize the nation’s collective good. “You’ve started something significant, and I hope you’ll collaborate with others for the future of Nigeria. Your dedication gives me hope for the nation’s future,” he said.
Gowon’s reflections have reignited discussions about the legacy of his leadership and the ongoing need for inclusive governance in Nigeria. Analysts believe that the lessons from his tenure remain relevant, particularly as the country grapples with challenges of unity and equitable development.