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Key actions taken by Donald Trump on his first day in office

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Donald Trump wasted no time in setting the tone for his second term as U.S. president, signing a series of sweeping executive orders immediately after taking the oath of office on Monday.

The orders span immigration, government reforms, energy policies, and cultural issues, signaling an ambitious and contentious agenda.

Trump’s initial actions include declaring a national emergency at the U.S.-Mexico border, resuming construction of the border wall, terminating diversity programs in federal agencies, and issuing a directive to end birthright citizenship.

Legal experts and political analysts are already predicting significant challenges to these measures, both in the courts and the public arena.

Immigration Overhaul and Border Security

The president’s immigration-focused directives restore the controversial “Remain in Mexico” policy and designate cartels like MS-13 as foreign terrorist organizations. By invoking emergency powers, Trump aims to deploy military and National Guard personnel to the southern border.

Speaking at a post-inauguration rally, Trump declared, “By the time the sun sets tomorrow evening, the invasion of our borders will have come to a halt.” Critics, however, question the feasibility of these measures.

Legal scholar Dr. Lisa Greene argues that the proposed end to birthright citizenship directly conflicts with the 14th Amendment. “This is a constitutional issue, not one that can be altered by executive order. Any such attempt will face immediate and prolonged litigation,” Greene said.

Mexico’s Foreign Affairs Ministry also expressed concerns, stating that Trump’s unilateral approach to the “Remain in Mexico” policy lacks bilateral agreement and complicates enforcement.

READ ALSO: Trump announces the end of birthright citizenship for certain categories of migrants

Reversing Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives

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Trump’s orders targeting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives have reignited debates about equity in federal employment. By mandating a merit-based, “colorblind” approach, and reversing gender-neutral documentation policies, Trump signaled a sharp ideological shift.

“This move may resonate with his base, but it alienates progressive voices and marginalized communities,” noted Dr. Richard Ellman, a political scientist at Georgetown University. “The broader implications for workforce morale and inclusivity could be significant.”

Government Reform and Efficiency

Trump established the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), appointing Elon Musk to spearhead efforts to cut government spending. The department’s creation has already sparked lawsuits alleging it circumvents transparency rules.

Trump also reinstated “Schedule F,” which reduces job protections for career officials in policy roles, making it easier to dismiss them. Labor unions and government watchdogs have criticized the move as a threat to civil service independence.

Energy Production and Environmental Rollbacks

Trump declared a “national energy emergency” to expedite drilling and announced expanded energy production in Alaska, reversing key environmental regulations. He also reinitiated the withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement, a move condemned by environmental activists.

“These actions prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability,” said Helen Carter, an energy policy expert. “This will likely deepen U.S. isolation on climate issues globally.”

Symbolic Renaming and Cultural Statements

Among Trump’s more symbolic actions were renaming Denali back to Mount McKinley and proposing to rename the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America. These measures drew mixed reactions, with critics questioning their necessity.

“Such moves may seem trivial, but they serve as cultural signaling to his supporters,” said Professor Jeremy Keane, a sociologist.

Broader Implications and Challenges

Experts widely expect Trump’s executive orders to face significant legal, political, and practical hurdles. Many of the actions—such as revoking security clearances for intelligence officials and reversing Biden-era policies—reflect a desire to immediately dismantle the legacy of previous administrations.

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However, Dr. Susan Marshall, a constitutional law professor, warns, “This flurry of activity could lead to legal gridlock. Many of these actions overstep executive authority and will likely be tied up in court for years.”

With over 50 executive actions planned, Trump’s second term is poised to be as polarizing and legally contentious as his first. Observers agree that the immediate response from Congress, the courts, and international partners will shape the trajectory of these policies.

Public Reaction and Political Fallout

Trump’s supporters have lauded his swift action, viewing it as a fulfillment of campaign promises. Opponents, however, see the measures as divisive and legally dubious. As the dust settles, the country braces for the battles ahead, both in courtrooms and in the public square.

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